{"id":54070,"date":"2026-10-08T00:02:43","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cloudmagazin.com\/?p=54070"},"modified":"2026-10-15T20:59:37","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T18:59:37","slug":"photoshop-clone-in-one-week-closed-source-falters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cloudmagazin.com\/en\/2026\/10\/08\/photoshop-clone-in-one-week-closed-source-falters\/","title":{"rendered":"Photoshop clone in a week: Closed source falters"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Coding agents recreate commercial software from binary code and observed behavior. The open-source Photoshop clone PhotoCraft released four versions within a week. By its own assessment, it covers only a quarter to a third of professional work.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Key takeaways<\/h2>\n<div style=\"background:#f8fbfd;border:1px solid rgba(11,183,253,0.28);border-radius:8px;padding:22px 26px;margin:16px 0 34px;box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(11,183,253,0.08),0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<ul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:20px;line-height:1.75;color:#1a2733;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:10px;\"><strong>PhotoCraft released four versions between 2 and 7 October.<\/strong> The Rust-based Photoshop clone was built using only public specifications and observed behavior and can be fully controlled by agents.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:10px;\"><strong>Menus are quick to wire up; behavior takes longer.<\/strong> Within a day, linked menu items rose to 532 of 625, but the project rates the clone as fit for just 25 to 35 percent of professional work.<\/li>\n<li><strong>AI agents lower the barrier to recreating software.<\/strong> What never reaches the customer remains hard to replicate, including services, data and operations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Four versions in a week<\/h2>\n<p>What is happening in AI-assisted reverse engineering is <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/amasad\/status\/2107671204639465961\">absolutely insane<\/a>, Replit CEO Amjad Masad writes on 7 October. Soon, virtually all software will effectively be open source. Reverse engineering means analyzing a finished program to understand and reproduce how it works.<\/p>\n<p>PhotoCraft shows how far this goes. The project describes itself as an <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/storytold\/photocraft\">open-source, clean-room recreation of Adobe Photoshop in pure Rust<\/a>. Here, clean room means implementation using only public specifications and observed behavior, without proprietary code. The first version <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/storytold\/photocraft\/releases\">appeared on 2 October<\/a>, followed by three more by 7 October. Features range from layers, masks and adjustment layers to layer styles, text, vectors, brushes and PSD files.<\/p>\n<p>The AGENTS.md working instructions explicitly address AI agents and contributors. They target <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/storytold\/photocraft\/blob\/main\/AGENTS.md\">one-to-one parity with Photoshop<\/a> in menus, keyboard shortcuts, behavior and file fidelity. Sister projects such as VectorCraft and FilmCraft follow the same approach.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What is decompilation?<\/strong> Decompilation translates a program&#8217;s executable machine code back into readable source code. Tools such as Ghidra or IDA Pro support this process, including connections to AI models through interfaces such as GhidraMCP.<\/p>\n<h2>Quickly wired up does not mean finished<\/h2>\n<p>On 30 September, <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/storytold\/photocraft\/blob\/main\/docs\/roadmap.md\">224 of Photoshop&#8217;s 625 menu items<\/a> were linked to a command. A day later, the figure was 532. This counts only whether a menu item is linked to a command, regardless of whether it behaves like the original.<\/p>\n<p>The project&#8217;s assessment of actual parity is considerably more sober. It remains well below half; professionals could switch for around 25 to 35 percent of everyday work. The project sees the biggest gaps in AI features, missing tools and professional workflows.<\/p>\n<p>PhotoCraft is further ahead on file fidelity. Resaving preserves the appearance of 307 of the 309 test files in the psd-tools collection. Every action can be triggered as a command through the interface, command line, a JSON control channel or an MCP server. An MCP server is an interface through which AI models operate external tools. Adobe has built such a bridge itself: in late April, it announced a connector through which Anthropic&#8217;s Claude controls <a href=\"https:\/\/nofilmschool.com\/adobe-claude-connector-announced\">multistep workflows using more than 50 professional tools<\/a> from apps such as Photoshop, Illustrator, Premiere and Lightroom.<\/p>\n<h2>Games from machine code<\/h2>\n<p>For games, agents work directly on binary code. A community project is recreating the 2009 PC version of the shooter Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 as readable C++ from machine code. After around four weeks, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.generationamiga.com\/2026\/08\/18\/the-modern-warfare-2-decompilation-project-has-reached-a-wild-milestone\/\">5,588 of 16,324 identified functions<\/a> had been recovered, roughly a third. In mid-August, four agents worked in parallel through Claude Code. Three decompiled; the fourth checked the results. They use IDA Pro and Ghidra, with the team assigning tasks through GitHub Issues.<\/p>\n<p>In early March, Piotr Migda\u0142 described on the Quesma blog how he had rebuilt the roughly 20-year-old game Chromatron for Apple Silicon and WebAssembly using Ghidra, Claude and Codex. A screenshot comparison found <a href=\"https:\/\/quesma.com\/blog\/chromatron-recompiled\/\">307,199 of 307,200 pixels identical<\/a>. He also notes that hallucinations are worse than no answer. Dedicated bridges provide access to binaries: <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/LaurieWired\/GhidraMCP\">GhidraMCP<\/a> connects the analysis tool Ghidra to AI models that can decompile and automatically name functions.<\/p>\n<h2>Copyright limits<\/h2>\n<p>Without the rights holder&#8217;s consent, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/urhg\/__69e.html\">Section&nbsp;69e of the German Copyright Act (UrhG)<\/a> permits decompilation only when indispensable for an independently created program&#8217;s interoperability, meaning its ability to work with other programs. The information obtained may not be used for a program \u201csubstantially similar in its expression\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Observation is treated differently. Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/urhg\/__69d.html\">Section&nbsp;69d(3) UrhG<\/a>, an authorized user may observe, study and test a program to identify its underlying ideas and principles. This requires using only actions, such as loading, displaying or running it, that the user is already entitled to perform. A clean-room recreation such as PhotoCraft relies on precisely this approach.<\/p>\n<p>Rights holders take action against emulators. In August, Nintendo had <a href=\"https:\/\/godisageek.com\/2026\/08\/nintendo-401-switch-emulator-repos-dmca\/\">401 repositories containing Switch emulators<\/a> removed from GitHub. Skepticism is also growing within the community: a blog post criticizes AI-assisted game ports as <a href=\"https:\/\/asecretarea.com\/2026\/08\/10\/ai-vibe-coded-game-projects-suck\/\">empty shells<\/a>. Projects such as the mGBA emulator <a href=\"https:\/\/heldgames.com\/guides\/emulator-projects-ban-ai-code\">do not accept AI-generated code<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>What software vendors can learn<\/h2>\n<p>This development will be hard to stop. Section&nbsp;69e UrhG ties permitted decompilation to interoperability; Section&nbsp;69d(3) allows authorized users to observe programs. Agents accelerate precisely this observation and recreation. Menus, file formats and interface logic can be wired up in days, although PhotoCraft says true parity with the original still requires many months of work.<\/p>\n<p>For vendors, this shifts what protects a product. Elements reproducible from public specifications and observed behavior, as in PhotoCraft, including interface logic and file formats, are likely to lose value as competitive moats. What never reaches the customer remains harder to replicate: server-side services, maintained data, integrations and support. Vendors hiding license checks or access keys in shipped software should assume agents will find them.<\/p>\n<p>The same capability also affects security. By early February, Anthropic&#8217;s Frontier Red Team had already used Claude to find and confirm <a href=\"https:\/\/www.anthropic.com\/research\/zero-days\">more than 500 severe vulnerabilities<\/a> in open-source software. In October 2024, Google&#8217;s AI agent Big Sleep discovered a previously unknown, exploitable memory vulnerability in the SQLite database before it reached an official release. Google considers the discovery the <a href=\"https:\/\/therecord.media\/google-llm-sqlite-vulnerability-artificial-intelligence\">first public example<\/a> of its kind. Tools such as GhidraMCP are open source and available to defenders and attackers alike. Short patch cycles therefore matter more than hoping nobody examines the code.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:64px;margin-bottom:20px;\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>Are clean-room recreations legal in Germany?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p style=\"margin:8px 0 4px 24px;color:#555;line-height:1.6;\">Section&nbsp;69d(3) UrhG allows authorized users to observe and test a program, provided they perform only actions they are already entitled to perform. By contrast, Section&nbsp;69e UrhG prohibits using information obtained through decompilation for a program substantially similar in its expression.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>How do open-source projects respond to AI-generated code?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p style=\"margin:8px 0 4px 24px;color:#555;line-height:1.6;\">Some exclude it. The mGBA emulator does not accept AI-generated code.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><strong>What is the legal position in the US?<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p style=\"margin:8px 0 4px 24px;color:#555;line-height:1.6;\">In Sega v. Accolade, a US appeals court ruled in October 1992 that disassembly constituted <a href=\"https:\/\/www.copyright.gov\/fair-use\/summaries\/segaenters-accolade-9thcir1992.pdf\">fair use<\/a>, meaning permitted use. This required that no other means of accessing the unprotected elements existed and that there was a legitimate reason.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<h2>Editor&#8217;s Picks<\/h2>\n<ul style=\"list-style:none;margin:0 0 8px;padding:0;\">\n<li style=\"padding:10px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #eee;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cloudmagazin.com\/en\/2026\/04\/01\/claude-code-fully-leaked-what-512000-lines-of-source-code-reveal-about-ai-agent\/\" style=\"color:#1a1a1a;text-decoration:none;\">Claude Code Leak: 512,000 Lines on AI Agents<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"padding:10px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #eee;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cloudmagazin.com\/en\/2026\/09\/05\/openai-purchases-macs-for-agents-that-click-like-humans\/\" style=\"color:#1a1a1a;text-decoration:none;\">OpenAI Buys Macs Where Agents Click Like Humans<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"padding:10px 0;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cloudmagazin.com\/en\/2026\/07\/23\/antares-open-weight-slms-find-cve-files\/\" style=\"color:#1a1a1a;text-decoration:none;\">Antares: Open-Weight Small Language Models Find Files Linked to CVEs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin:44px 0 12px;font-size:0.72em;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.18em;color:#666;\">More from the MBF Media Network<\/p>\n<div style=\"padding:14px 18px;border-left:3px solid #69d8ed;background:#fafafa;margin-bottom:6px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:0.7em;font-weight:700;color:#69d8ed;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.12em;margin-bottom:4px;\">securitytoday<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.securitytoday.de\/en\/2026\/07\/15\/legacyhive-poc-latest-windows-patches\/\" style=\"font-weight:600;line-height:1.4;color:#1a1a1a;text-decoration:none;\">LegacyHive PoC Meets Latest Windows Patches<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:14px 18px;border-left:3px solid #202528;background:#fafafa;margin-bottom:6px;\">\n<div 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(October 2026)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:right;color:#868e96;font-size:0.85em;margin-top:48px;\"><em>Image source: AI-generated (October 2026)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"A Photoshop clone in Rust and a Call of Duty game rebuilt from machine code show how quickly coding agents recreate software and put vendors under pressure.","protected":false},"author":87,"featured_media":53286,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-adv":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-title":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-image":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-image-id":0,"_yoast_wpseo_twitter-title":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-image":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-image-id":0,"pre_headline":"","bildquelle":"","teasertext":"A Photoshop clone in Rust and a Call of Duty game rebuilt from machine code show how quickly coding agents recreate software and put vendors under pressure.","language":"de","_evm_slot_owner":"","_evm_translation_lang":"","featured_post":0,"featured_post_sortierung":0,"_wp_old_slug":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[744],"tags":[],"industry":[],"class_list":["post-54070","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kuenstliche-intelligenz"],"evm_reading_time_minutes":7,"wpml_language":"en","wpml_translation_of":53280,"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Photoshop clone in a week: Closed source falters<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A Photoshop clone in Rust and a Call of Duty game rebuilt from machine code show how quickly coding agents recreate software and put vendors under pressure.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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